The analysis of environmental data often presents challenges, including limited detection thresholds, missing data, image analysis, restricted measurement domains, outliers, autocorrelation, and spatial correlation. This section aims to present and illustrate modern solutions for such problems, focusing on temporal-dependent environmental data. Through theoretical discussions, methodological proposals, and case studies, the section will provide valuable perspectives for researchers in environmental science, ecology, climate studies, and related fields. It aims to provide tools for modeling complex environmental processes and dynamics by effectively leveraging temporal data analysis techniques under a variety of scenarios.