Abstract

The analysis of the evolution of life conditions in Morocco, in particular, the progress in girls' schooling, the decrease in the age of marriage, the decrease in the number of children, the reduction in the size of households, the urbanization and the access of women to the productive labor market as well as the legal and constitutional progress in terms of equality lead us to believe that the social positions and roles of women and men have undergone significant changes ; and to expect a reconciliation between familial domestic commitments, and professional ones. However, it is clear that family burdens and responsibilities have not been affected by these societal changes. The time allocated to domestic tasks and to caring for children, the sick, the elderly or the disabled in the household, and to professional activities remain marked by an unequal distribution between men and women at all ages, from childhood to adolescence to old age. Indeed, regardless of their characteristics, women often spend much more time than men on unpaid domestic and care work. This unequal distribution of responsibilities corroborates the differences in economic opportunities available to the two sexes, including women's low participation in the labor market, occupational segregation between the sexes, and differences in income.
The use of time is based on a representation of the feminine and masculine as culturally and socially constructed, which determines the allocation of social roles. The model of male/female work relations is transmitted to children. In fact, women devote 4 times less time to professional work and 7 times more time to domestic work than men, while girls devote 3,4 times more time to domestic work than boys and 1,5 times less time to professional work.
Gender inequalities will be illustrated in this presentation through indicators that consolidate the sexual division of labor between domestic work and paid work and what constitute a major obstacle to women's access to the labor market in the public and commercial spheres. These include the workload of women and men (combining the duration of professional work and unpaid domestic and care work), the gaps via the gender parity index in paid work, the allocation of time devoted to unpaid domestic and care work and the percentage that this time represents in the day (indicator 5. 4.1 of the SDG).
These indicators will be presented according to the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women and men in comparison with other countries.
The data used in this work is taken from the national survey on time use conducted by the High Commission for Planning in 2012 among 18,000 men and women aged 15 years and over and 3,000 children aged 7 to 14 years.
Keywords: Time use, domestic time, professional time, SDG5.4.1
sanae drissi el bouzaidi Statistician-Engineer Head of socioeconomic House hold Survey, High Commission for Planning s.drissielbouzaidi@hcp.ma
siham zarrari Statistician-Engineer Head of Division House hold Survey, High Commission for Planning s.zarrari@hcp.ma