Abstract

The matter of gender equality in representation within the research community has become a focal point, drawing considerable interest from a diverse range of stakeholders. Numerous countries are actively working towards enhancing the presence of women in various facets of society, with a particular emphasis on addressing the underrepresentation of women in the scientific research community. This ongoing effort underscores the broader commitment to fostering inclusivity and diversity in the pursuit of knowledge and innovation. One of the particular fields in which the representation of women is closely observed is the field of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics).
The issue of women's underrepresentation in STEM has been well-researched in research communities worldwide. Just some results show that while the number of women receiving postgraduate degrees has increased in recent years, the number of women in STEM faculty positions remains largely unchanged (Casad et al., 2019). Some of the identified reasons for this are that women faculty in STEM have lower publication rates compared to men (McDermott et al., 2018), that they encounter hiring discrimination and limited opportunities for advancement (Diekman et al., 2015), as well as that they are often assigned higher teaching loads and mentoring as these activities are perceived as traditionally feminine (Carrigan et al., 2011).
Gender inequality in the research community persists globally, affecting both developed and developing nations, with a particularly notable disparity in STEM fields. This study examines the evolution of gender dynamics within the research landscape of the Republic of Serbia, a developing country, over a five-year period from 2019 to 2024. Utilising annual data available from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the analysis will delve into year-on-year comparisons in gender composition across various scientific disciplines and academic positions. By focusing on these trends, the aim is to identify fields where women remain underrepresented and highlight any progress or stagnation in women's participation in STEM research. The research will not only pinpoint areas requiring targeted interventions but also contextualise Serbia's progress within the broader European framework, offering valuable insights for policymakers and institutions striving to foster gender equality in academia.